human swine influenza (A/H1N1)

As of this time, Philippines has 39 confirmed human cases of A/H1N1 that originated from Mexico and spread to many countries world wide. Originally known to circulate among pig populations, the swine flu viruses do occasionally infect human beings.

• SYMPTOMS

Usually similar to those of human seasonal influenza and include:

1. fever
2. lethargy
3. loss of appetite
4. coughing

Some people may also have:

1. runny nose
2. sore throat
3. nausea
4. vomiting
5. diarrhea

• MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Human to human transmission is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu mainly through coughing or sneezing. People may also become infected by touching objects soiled with flu viruses and then touching their nose or mouth.

Swine flu has not been shown to be transmissible to people through eating properly handled and cooked pork or pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 70 deg C (160 deg F) kills the swine flu virus.

• MANAGEMENT

People who develop flu symptoms should put on a mask and consult a doctor as soon as possible. Those who have been to affected places or been exposed to sick persons should tell the doctor the travel and contact history. Antiviral agents can reduce the severity and duration of illness but must be used under doctor's prescription. It is important for people not to self medicate.

• PREVENTION

Since human seasonal flu is different from human H1N1 flu, vaccines for human seasonal flu viruses will not provide protection against swine flu viruses.

People should observe the following precautionary measures:

1. Keep hands clean and wash hands properly. Alcohol-based handrub is also effective when hands are not visibly soiled.
2. Avoid touching mouth, nose or eyes.
3. Wash hands with liquid soap promptly if they are dirtied by respiratory secretions, e.g. after sneezing or coughing.
4. Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing.
5. Do not spit. Always wrap nasal and mouth discharges with tissue paper, and dispose of the tissue paper properly in a rubbish bin with a lid.
6. Wear mask when respiratory symptoms of fever develop. See a doctor right away.
7. Do not go to work or school if you develop influenza-like symptoms.

Avoid travelling to affected places unless it is absolutely needed. If such a visit is unavoidable:

1. During the trip: put on a mask and do not have contact with sick people.
2. After returning: pay close attention to your health and wear masks for 7 days. Seek medical consultation from public clinics or hospitals right away if fever or influenza-like symptoms appear.